Latan, B., and Nowak, A. Unlike majority influence, minority influence can rarely Selection criteria included: participants exposure to a minority dissent with or without an appeal or reasoning for the dissent, which dissent placed the minority at odds with the participants, and report of a measure of influence. eds. Minority and majority influence in freely interacting groups: qualitative versus quantitative differences. doi: 10.1016/0022-1031(86)90022-3. Jung, J., Bramson, A., Crano, W. D., Page, S. E., and Miller, J. H. (2021). ^Whereas every social change originates from minorities, it does not mean that every minority invariably seeks social change. J. Pers. However, for some minorities (e.g., LGBT, ethnic, racial minorities), this path to social change is neither desirable nor feasible. Brainwashing, its origins and its use in cults and media. (1991). doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.71.6.1181, Keywords: minority influence, social change, social influence, majority influence, group dynamics, Citation: Prislin R (2022) Minority Influence: An Agenda for Study of Social Change. 68, 520. 93, 2332. Within this context, evidence exists To what extent are people controlled by their roles in society? doi: 10.1037/h0046408. Hypnosis Scripts Received: 02 April 2022; Accepted: 30 May 2022; Published: 23 June 2022. (2000). Minority influence - Wikipedia doi: 10.2307/20159311, Butera, F., Batruch, A., Autin, F., Mugny, G., Quiamzade, A., and Pulfrey, C. (2021). WebPeople who hold a minority view tend to change the majority opinion through a. normative social influence. Contact Us Shared reality: Motivated connection and motivated cognition, in Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles. Papastamou, S., and Mugny, G. (1985). eds. According to reactance theory. 2. eds. The reasons for a paucity of longitudinal studies are many. Crano, W. D. (2010). What does Milgram's obedience study tell us about why online communication can become increasingly harmful? Levine, J. M., and Prislin, R. (2013). Mugny, G. (1982). 31, 595609. Online communication is indirect and remote, so it is easier to harm others. For decades, research on social influence, which established social psychology as a scientific discipline early in the 20th century, conceptualized influence as a one-way street (Prislin and Crano, 2012). Yet, answering some questions, including those about minority influence in generating social change, requires just such kind of research. Studies done in this tradition have generated valuable insights into the nature and outcomes of minority influence, specifying conditions under which a minority exerts influence and the processing underlying such influence. doi: 10.1037/amp0000844. In a country whose history has been shaped by the boundaries among racial groups, this projected demographic shift is undoubtedly important. ^Social influence research has traditionally assumed that a motive for social acceptance underlies yielding to social influence (Deutsch and Gerard, 1955), not exerting social influence. J. M. Levine (New York: Psychology Press), 135163. (2017). Is there a purpose behind our dreams and nightmares? Martin, R., and Hewstone, M. (2008). doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.93.1.23. It is these social conditions that minorities seek to change. What the Majority Minority Shift Really Means for America J. M. Levine (New York: Psychology Press), 165192. Specifically, a minority faction was created by having most confederates oppose the participants stance on one or more socially important issues; conversely, a majority faction was created by having most confederates support the participants stances. All claims expressed in this article are solely those of the authors and do not necessarily represent those of their affiliated organizations, or those of the publisher, the editors and the reviewers. Minority dissent and team innovation: the importance of participation in decision making. Minority Influence: An Agenda for Study of Social Change 40. ed. When successful, these minorities redefine what is acceptable within groups boundaries. Charlan Nemeth, a professor at the University of California, Berkeley, argues a further difference between minority and majority influence. Status, ideology, and integrative complexity on the US Supreme Court: rethinking the politics of decision making. Social influence is the perpetual competition that shapes social relations by targeting social attitudes. Web-pooled knowledge -diverse perspectives -others can challenge us to think deeper and more creatively group decision making (disadvantages) -individuals have group goals besides 13. eds. Prislin, R., Boyle, S., Davenport, C., Farley, A., Jacobs, E., Michalak, J., et al. Rev. Vol. This discrepancy suggests that in the sphere of minority influence, as in many other spheres, interacting, mutually interdependent individuals react differently than solitary individuals processing social information. One obvious example are elites, though, it could be argued that they represent numerical minorities but not necessarily non-normative minorities. Group decision making under conditions of distributed knowledge: The information asymmetries model. Social influence can take numerous forms. Such broader acceptance presumably has survival value (Caporael and Baron, 1997). An individual who associates the group with hippies and protests may find it difficult to identify with the group at the time, but over many years, the groups views become mainstream and the person becomes more environmentally conscientious. Despite his susceptibility to eugenics and racial theories of supremacy, Roosevelt also offers us a way forward. Comparative analyses from multiple lines of research have documented an asymmetry in distribution of tangible benefits (e.g., jobs, wealth) and intangible benefits (e.g., validation, status) favoring majorities over minorities. (1996). He is the author of The New Minority: White Working Class Politics in an Age of Immigration and Inequality and the forthcoming book Majority Minority.. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. A., Busceme, S., and Blackstone, T. (1994). Arrow, M., McGrath, J. E., and Berdahl, J. I. (2001). A minority opinion is also termed dissenting Prislin, R., and Christensen, P. N. (2009). Computational modeling and simulations suggest that indirect minority influence yields gradual social change and diversity, whereas cultural drift generates rapid social change and polarization in a society (Jung et al., 2021). Small Groups as Complex Systems: Formation, Coordination, Development, and Adaptation. Clark and Maass (1990) found that the size of the majority within a group can affect the ability of a minority to influence members. Minority influence is a type of social influence which results in a change ofviews amongstthe majority of members within a group. Importantly, most of these studies were conducted within the information processing (persuasion) framework, elucidating cognitive responses to a minority (vs. majority) advocacy and eventual attitudinal changes on the objects of advocacy (e.g., Mackie, 1987; Baker and Petty, 1994; Erb and Bohner, 2001; Martin and Hewstone, 2008). As we are currently re-evaluating our standards of conduct in light of repeated replication failures, which some label a crisis, it may be an opportune time to re-evaluate the practice of taking publication productivity as a proxy for scientific contribution. Minoritys success at effecting social change and ipso facto, majoritys failure to prevent it, should influence not only their reactions toward the group but also their capacity to further argue their positions. Cyberbullying has become more prevalent with increasing technological advances in our society. Emily is in a good mood. Curr. Today, of course, being Irish is a social boundary mostly reduced to the front of Urban Outfitters T-shirts. Psychol. Prislin, R., and Wood, W. (2005). Despite his susceptibility to Social Influence and Social Change. They have been conducted within the framework of the gain-loss asymmetry model of change in minority and majority positions (Prislin and Christensen, 2005a). 32, 459479. 42, 2530. Group Processes. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8309.1996.tb01091.x. A social norm that reflects how things are typically done is considered ________, whereas a social norm that reflects what behaviors are approved is considered ________. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. (New York: Academic Press), 175192. Consistency in these findings about the reciprocity of social influence suggests that majorities are able to influence not only because they have social support as an argument, as it is axiomatically discussed in the social influence literature, but also because social support enables them to generate convincing arguments. A look at how social influence affects opinions and behavior. J. Pers. According to the ________ technique, one approach could be to first ask people if they would be willing to wear a button that says, "Adopt a dog today," and then a couple of weeks later ask them if they would be willing to adopt a dog themselves. Thus, immediately in the aftermath of social change whereby minorities become majorities and vice versa (minority majority), the former should react only mildly positively, and the latter should react intensely negatively, toward the group in which they switched positions. Rather, it signifies their under-representation in the mainstream (i.e., information-processing) considerations of minority influence. Glaser, T., Dickel, N., Liersch, B., Rees, J., Sssenbach, P., and Bohner, G. (2015). Majority influence, for instance, is a normative influence, leading to individuals complying with the norms of the majority. Shared reality: How social verification makes the subjective objective, in Handbook of Motivation and Cognition. Groups as the minds natural environment, in Evolutionary Social Psychology. The need to belong: desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Even though it promoted the rights of a minority of the population, the movement helped to end public segregation based on race with the passing of the Civil Rights Act in 1964. Lest we succumb to the same trap, it is worth remembering that every social change, including those that turned disastrous for the world (e.g., Nazi movement), was originated by a minority. The dynamic nature of social influence is additionally evident in its multidirectionality, with multiple factions within a group competing to prevail. Similarly, although minorities may partially satisfy their motive for social acceptance within their faction, to be fully integrated within a group, they must seek broader acceptance. A final observation regarding minority influence is that, after being successfully persuaded by a minority, people tend to forget the origins of their new views. 2. eds. Differential contributions of majority and minority influence. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.6.1437, David, B., and Turner, J. C. (1996). (2009). But by the time Americas initial majority minority milestone would have been reached, whiteness had been reinterpreted to incorporate the Irish, Italians, Jews and Slavs, such that the milestone was effectively postponed. (1981). Regarding the social validation motive, minorities, of course, must have an initial sense of correctness in order to start exerting influence (Prislin and Christensen, 2009). Elites efforts at influence are likely to be directed toward preserving, not changing, the status quo. (2009). This change in private opinion prompts a shift in behavior, and a member may promote his or her newly-acquiredview to other members of the group. Social change in the aftermath of successful minority influence. she will become even more committed to Romeo. But whilst peer pressure leads to public compliance (e.g. Yet, for their initial sense of correctness to survive, minorities must seek broader social support. Understanding their motivations is in the core of psychological approaches to social action, with different models emphasizing a variety of motives that reflect groups moral, fairness, and identity standards. The findings suggest that the perceived confidence of a minority to make decisions independently of the group can lead to other individuals giving more consideration to its views. Psychol. (2012). These initially created positions either remained stable throughout the groups interactions or were reversed when, halfway through the groups interactions, several opponents (supporters) switched their alliances to support (oppose) the participant. ^Minority label used here in no way diminishes the significance and contribution of these two lines of research. Number of studies on minority influence per decade. The author declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.
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